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疫苗是当今世界预防感染性疾病的主要手段,在降低传染病的发病率和死亡率方面,几乎没有其他干预方式能够达到疫苗的效果。众所周知,机体对疫苗的反应与很多因素有关,包括年龄、性别、种族、身体质量指数、疫苗的质量、注射剂量以及注射方式等。但就同一种疫苗而言,机体的遗传因素在免疫应答中发挥着重要作用。研究表明,直接或间接参与免疫反应的各种基因,例如,宿主细胞膜上的病毒受体基因、先天Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)基因、细胞因子及其受体基因、人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)基因等,其单个变异或多个的变异均可能与疫苗所引起的免疫应答水平相关。本文就人群遗传因素与免疫反应的相关性作一综述。
Vaccines are the main means of preventing infectious diseases in today’s world. There are few other interventions that can reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases to achieve the vaccine effect. It is well-known that the body’s response to a vaccine depends on many factors, including age, gender, race, body mass index, the quality of the vaccine, the amount of injection, and the mode of injection. But with the same vaccine, the body’s genetic factors play an important role in the immune response. Studies have shown that various genes that directly or indirectly participate in the immune response, such as viral receptor genes on host cell membranes, genes of innate Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines and their receptor genes, human leukocytes Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, single variation or multiple mutations may be associated with the vaccine-induced immune response level. This article reviews the relationship between genetic factors and immune responses in the population.