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目的了解广西汉、壮、瑶族儿童体格生长发育状况和特点,为制定少数民族地区儿童长生发育促进措施提供科学依据。方法采用序列研究法,2013—2015年对广西7,10,13岁的汉、壮、瑶族儿童进行2年体格发育追踪调查,获得研究对象群组7~15岁的体格发育数据,分析儿童体格生长发育的民族差异。首年调查时,各民族的年龄组样本为50~65人,失访率均低于5%。结果儿童身高、体重、胸围、皮褶厚度的民族差异均有统计学意义;除7~9岁女生外,各项指标的性别、年龄别均值皆为壮族高于汉族和瑶族;汉、壮、瑶族男生平均身高年增幅分别为5.46,5.38,5.45 cm,女生分别为4.52,4.44,4.27 cm,民族间差异均无统计学意义。身高突增高峰年龄在性别和民族间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。儿童身高增长类型的性别、年龄差异大于民族差异。结论广西7~15岁汉、壮、瑶族儿童的体格生长发育有相似的顺序,但生长发育速度和水平存在民族差异。在影响民族差异的因素中,社会经济文化发展水平的影响可能大于民族遗传因素。
Objective To understand the status and characteristics of physical growth and development of Han, Zhuang and Yao children in Guangxi and to provide scientific evidence for the promotion of children’s growth promotion in ethnic minority areas. Methods According to the sequence research method, two-year physical development follow-up survey of Han, Zhuang and Yao children aged 7, 10, 13 years old in Guangxi from 2013 to 2015 was conducted to obtain the physical development data of 7-15-year-olds in the study group, National differences in growth and development. In the first year of survey, the age group of all ethnic groups were 50 to 65, and the rate of loss to follow up was less than 5%. Results The national differences in height, weight, chest circumference and skinfold thickness of children were statistically significant. Except for girls aged from 7 to 9, the gender and age mean of all indexes were higher than that of Han and Yao ethnic groups. The average height growth of Yao boys was 5.46, 5.38 and 5.45 cm, respectively, and girls were 4.52, 4.44 and 4.27 cm respectively. There was no significant difference among ethnic groups. The peak age of sudden increase in height has significant difference between the sex and ethnic groups (P <0.05). Children’s height growth type of gender, age difference is greater than the national differences. Conclusion The physical growth and development of Han, Zhuang and Yao children aged 7-15 years in Guangxi are similar, but there are national differences in the growth and development level. Among the factors influencing ethnic differences, the impact of the development level of social economy and culture may be greater than the national genetic factors.