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从人为因素、飞行器性能与环境因素3方面剖析了性能基导航中飞行技术误差的影响因素及其特性。依据导航方式与特定运行条件分类论述了基于飞行试验的飞行技术误差试验统计研究,指出了此类研究方法的局限性。评述了基于成型机理的飞行技术误差方差估计模型与方法,讨论了各种方法的特点和应用范围。从飞行技术误差估计方法与应用2方面分析了现有研究的局限性与后续研究展望。分析结果表明:在手动操作方式下,不同的飞行策略对飞行技术误差有较大影响,航径偏移指示器的灵敏度与侧向飞行技术误差负相关。在航路和终端区,某些通用航空飞行器的侧向飞行技术误差的标准差分别高达759.32、481.52m,主要原因是未安装高精度导航系统。对飞行试验结果进行统计拟合的估计方法无法全面地覆盖全部机型、航段与天气条件,因而具有一定的局限性,而基于成型机理的飞行技术误差估计方法估计的侧向、高度飞行技术误差的标准差分别为2.68、1.13m,通过与仿真结果和实测数据的比较,方法的有效性得到验证。性能基导航设备在实时估计飞行技术误差时,采用假设常值而不进行实时估计,将会使飞行器处于危险中。从多重因素入手研究如何减小性能基导航中飞行技术误差是未来的重要研究方向。
From the aspects of human factors, aircraft performance and environmental factors, the influencing factors and their characteristics of flight technical errors in performance-based navigation are analyzed. Based on the classification of navigation modes and specific operating conditions, flight test error statistics based on flight tests are discussed. The limitations of such research methods are pointed out. The estimation model and method of flight technique error variance based on forming mechanism are reviewed. The characteristics and application range of each method are discussed. The limitation of the existing research and the prospect of the future research are analyzed from the methods and applications of flight technique error estimation. The analysis results show that different flight strategies have a greater impact on flight technical errors under manual operation mode, and the sensitivity of the drift indicator is negatively correlated with the lateral flight technical errors. In the air routes and terminal areas, the standard deviations of technical errors of lateral flight for some general aviation vehicles are as high as 759.32,481.52m, respectively, mainly because no high-precision navigation system is installed. The method of statistical fitting of flight test results can not fully cover all models, flight segments and weather conditions, so it has some limitations. However, the estimation of lateral and altitude flight techniques based on the flight mechanism error estimation method of forming mechanism The standard deviations of errors are respectively 2.68 and 1.13 m. The validity of the method is verified through comparison with simulation results and measured data. Performance-based navigation equipment in real-time estimation of flight technical errors, the use of assumed values rather than real-time estimation, will make the aircraft at risk. From multiple factors to study how to reduce the performance of flight-based navigation technology error is an important research direction in the future.