由于遵循着完全标准的技术假定,最简单的新古典的国际贸易和经济增长模式的均衡预测为人们所熟识且易于解释。假设有两个国家,以同样的规模收益不变的生产函数来生产同样的商品,产出与同质的资本和劳动投入相对应。如果这两个国家的人均产值不同,那一定是由于它们的人均资本水平存在差异(排除其他任何因素)。进而言之,“收益递减律”意味着产出少(即较穷)的国家的资本边际产品较高。倘若如此,那 Balanced predictions of the simplest neoclassical international trade and economic growth models are well known and easily interpretable, because they follow a completely standard technical assumption. Suppose there are two countries that produce the same good with the same production function with the same returns on scale, and the output corresponds to the same capital and labor input. If the per-capita GDP varies between the two countries, it must be due to differences in their per capita capital levels (excluding any other factors). Further, the “law of diminishing returns” means that countries with a lower output (ie, poorer) have a higher marginal product of capital. If so, that