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自19世纪末确立对中部和东部非洲殖民地的殖民统治之后,英国殖民者试图在殖民地城镇中维持移民劳动制度。按照英国殖民者关于非洲社会的想象,部落是非洲社会基本构成单位,非洲人无法适应现代工业经济和城镇生活,而城镇中的非洲人只不过是暂时逗留的“去部落化”人口。20世纪30年代起,随着非洲殖民地经济的发展和非洲工人罢工运动的蓬勃发展,殖民当局被迫接受非洲人在城镇和现代工业经济中的存在,转而实行城镇劳动力稳定化政策。这一政策的变化表明,英国殖民统治很难有效控制非洲社会变革进程,反映出殖民霸权的脆弱性,这构成非殖民化的重要社会背景。
After the colonization of the Central and East African colonies was established at the end of the 19th century, British colonists tried to maintain the immigrant labor system in the colonial towns. According to British colonialists’ imagination about African society, the tribes are the basic unit of African society. Africans can not adapt to the modern industrial economy and urban life. The Africans in the towns and cities are only temporary residents. Since the 1930s, with the development of African colonial economy and the vigorous strike by African workers, the colonial authorities have been forced to accept the existence of Africans in cities and towns and in the modern industrial economy and have instead implemented the urban labor stabilization policy. The change in this policy shows that it is very difficult for the British colonial rule to effectively control the process of social change in Africa and reflects the fragility of colonial hegemony. This constitutes an important social context for decolonization.