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通过对北京百花山地区山地自然土壤和耕作土壤有机质含量、全氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾及微量元素有效含量的测定分析,得到了该地区山地自然土壤和耕作土壤的肥力特征。该地区山地自然土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷的含量较高,速效钾的水平中等,而速效磷的水平很低,微量元素中铜的含量较高,锰的含量较低,而有效锌的含量极低。自然土壤开垦为耕地后,土壤有机质含量明显降低,全氮的含量变化不明显;由于施肥作用,土壤全磷和速效磷的水平上升,个别耕地速效磷的水平极高,有过量使用磷肥的现象。对该地区山地土壤的开发利用,应坚持生态保护,防止水土流失,适当使用磷肥,注意使用微肥尤其是锌肥,因地制宜,根据不同地形、不同的土壤类型、母质的差异制定合理的利用方案。
Through the analysis and determination of the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium and trace elements in the natural soils and tillage soils of Baihua Mountain in Beijing, the fertility characteristics of natural soils and tillage soils in the mountainous area were obtained. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the mountainous natural soils are relatively high, the available potassium is moderate, the available phosphorus is low, the content of trace elements is high, the content of manganese is low, while the content of available zinc Very low content. After reclamation of natural soil into cultivated land, the content of soil organic matter obviously decreased and the content of total nitrogen did not change obviously. Due to the effect of fertilization, the content of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus increased, the available phosphorus content of individual cultivated land was extremely high, with excessive use of phosphate fertilizer . For the development and utilization of mountainous soils in the region, we should insist on ecological protection, prevent soil erosion, properly use phosphate fertilizer, pay attention to the use of trace fertilizers, especially zinc fertilizer, formulate reasonable utilization plans according to different topography, different soil types and different parent materials .