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目的调查分析深圳市某大型企业流感暴发的原因和特点,为流感暴发疫情的监测和控制提供科学依据。方法对流感样病例(ILI)进行流行病学调查,采集患者咽拭子以胶体金法和荧光定量RT-PCR检测流感病毒,采用鸡胚和MDCK细胞分离病毒,采用常量半加敏抑制试验(HI)鉴定病毒,微量半加敏抑制试验测定抗体。结果ILI总罹患率为1.05%,以二分厂罹患率较高,女性罹患率远高于男性,发病年龄以15～岁组居多。15份咽拭子样品中,荧光定量RT-PCR法A型流感病毒核酸阳性15份。培养分离鉴定出2株H3N2亚型流感病毒。血凝抑制试验检测H3亚型流感抗体,9份急性期和恢复期血清抗体滴度呈4倍以上增长。结论该起暴发疫情由H3N2亚型流感病毒引起,采用分子流行病学调查、制定针对性措施对疫情控制有重要的意义。
Objective To investigate the causes and characteristics of influenza outbreak in a large enterprise in Shenzhen and provide a scientific basis for monitoring and controlling the outbreak of influenza. Methods Epidemiological survey of influenza-like cases (ILI) was performed. Throat swabs were collected from patients for detecting influenza virus by colloidal gold assay and fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Viruses were isolated from chicken embryos and MDCK cells by semi-sensitization inhibition test HI) identification of viruses, micro-semi-sensitivity test inhibition of antibodies. Results The total attack rate of ILI was 1.05%. The prevalence of ILI was higher in the second branch. The prevalence of the female was much higher than that of the male. The onset age was mostly in the group of 15 ~ years. Among the 15 throat swab samples, 15 were positive for influenza A virus by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Two strains of H3N2 subtype influenza virus were identified by culturing. Hemagglutination inhibition test detected H3 subtype influenza antibody, 9 cases of acute and convalescent serum antibody titers increased more than 4 times. Conclusion The outbreak was caused by the H3N2 subtype influenza virus. Using molecular epidemiological investigation, it is of great significance to formulate targeted measures to control the epidemic.