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以连年栽种作物的设施大棚土壤为研究对象,采用目标产量法,研究了富营养条件下设施土壤的平衡施肥方法。结果表明:对于设施富营养化土壤种植黄瓜肥料利用率氮肥为29.3%,磷肥为-9.6%,钾肥为35.4%;种植番茄肥料利用率氮肥为32.6%,磷肥为30.69%,钾肥为56.99%;种植菜豆肥料利用率氮肥为-2.4%,磷肥为-35.8%,钾肥为-7.97%,除番茄外,富营养化地区种植使用磷肥几乎没有增产效果。同时通过试验确定了富营养化设施土壤栽培黄瓜、番茄、菜豆的N、K施肥量上限及施肥比例:黄瓜667m~2最大施肥量32.1kg,N、K比例为1.4∶1;番茄667m~2最大施肥量27.0kg,N、K比例为1.4∶1;菜豆667m~2最大施肥量17.4kg,N、K比例为1∶1。在富营养化设施土壤栽培中推广平衡施肥技术,能够很好地提高产量,节约肥料用量,增加经济效益。
Taking the greenhouse soil of the facilities which planted the crops year after year as the research object, the balanced fertilization method of the facilities soil under the eutrophication condition was studied by the target yield method. The results showed that for the eutrophication facilities, the utilization rate of cucumber was 29.3% for nitrogen fertilizer, -9.6% for phosphate fertilizer and 35.4% for potash fertilizer. The fertilizer utilization rate of planting tomato was 32.6% for nitrogen fertilizer, 30.69% for phosphate fertilizer and 56.99% for potash fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer was-2.4%, phosphorus fertilizer was -35.8%, potash fertilizer was -7.97%. In addition to tomato, the use of phosphate fertilizer in the cultivation of eutrophication area had almost no stimulation effect. At the same time, the upper limit of N and K fertilizers and the proportion of fertilizers in cucumber, tomato and bean under soil eutrophication were determined by experiment: the maximum fertilization rate of 667m ~ 2 was 32.1kg, the ratio of N and K was 1.4:1; The maximum fertilization rate was 27.0 kg, the ratio of N and K was 1.4:1, the maximum fertilization rate of 667m ~ 2 was 17.4kg, and the ratio of N and K was 1: 1. Promote balanced fertilization in soil cultivation of eutrophication facilities, can improve the yield, save fertilizer and increase economic benefits.