70年来人们一直在尝试能制备一种能预防人类A群链球菌(以下简称GAS)感染及其免疫学介导后遗症的菌苗,但因两个基本问题而告失败,一是高度保护性细胞表面M蛋白可能会诱导有害的宿主反应:二是存在着大量不同的M蛋白血清型,而入抗GAS的免疫主要表现为M血清特异性。近年来,分子生物学研究加深了对保护性GAS抗原的结构和免疫学特性的认识,从而加速了这些困难的克服,本文复习了这些研究,并讨论研制一种有效GAS菌苗的可能性. For over 70 years, people have been trying to prepare a vaccine that can prevent human Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection and its immunologically mediated sequelae, but fail on two basic issues. One is the highly protective cells Surface M protein may induce unwanted host reaction: the second is the existence of a large number of different M protein serotypes, whereas the immunization into GAS is predominantly M serum specific. In recent years, molecular biology has deepened the understanding of the structural and immunological properties of protective GAS antigens, thus accelerating these difficulties and overcoming these studies and discussing the possibility of developing an effective GAS vaccine.