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生态工程实施的主要目的是改善当地生态环境质量,提高当地农户福祉也至关重要。以北方沙化土地退耕还林工程作为研究对象,研究了该区2015年防风固沙、净化大气环境、固碳释氧、涵养水源、保育土壤和积累营养物质6项生态系统服务功能的空间分布格局,并分析了生态系统服务与农户福祉的关系模式。结果表明,区内退耕还林工程生态系统各项服务从东部到西北部均呈现出逐渐递增的趋势,其中内蒙古自治区和新疆生产建设兵团发挥的各项生态服务功能总体上最强;基于退耕还林工程生态系统服务与农户福祉的空间聚集状态,划分为低服务低福祉模式、调节服务依赖模式和高服务高福祉模式,依据3种模式的各自特征,分别提出了有效的基于农户福祉的退耕还林工程管理方法,进而为未来提高该区退耕还林工程实施的生态效率和当地农户福祉提供借鉴。
The main purpose of ecological engineering is to improve the quality of local ecological environment and improve the well-being of local farmers is also crucial. Taking the project of Returning Cultivated Land to Original Forest in Northern Desertification Land as the research object, the spatial distribution pattern of six ecosystem services including windbreak and sand fixation, air purification, carbon fixation and oxygen release, water conservation, soil conservation and accumulation of nutrients was studied in this area. And analyzed the relationship between ecosystem services and the well-being of farmers. The results show that all services of the Cultivated Land Conversion Project in the region show a trend of gradual increase from the east to the northwest, among which the ecological service functions played by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps are strongest overall; According to the characteristics of each of the three models, the author puts forward the effective plan of returning land for conversion based on the well-being of peasant households. According to the characteristics of the three models, the spatial aggregation state of forest engineering ecosystem services and peasant households’ welfare is divided into low service low benefit model, service dependent model and high service high welfare model. Return to forest project management method, and then provide reference for the future to improve the ecological efficiency of the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forestry and the well-being of local farmers.