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小麦是我国播种面积仅次于水稻的第二大作物,小麦生产对于发展经济,提高人民生活水平具有重要意义。利用远缘杂交,将小麦近缘种的有益基因导入普通小麦,拓宽小麦遗传背景,创造新的优异种质资源是小麦育种获得新突破步入新台阶的重要途径。大麦具有早熟、多花多粒、耐盐碱、抗穗发芽、赖氨酸含量高、适宜晚播、受干热风影响小,对小麦锈病、叶枯病、白粉病、黄矮病等有较高抗性等特性。将这些优良性状导入小麦,对丰富小麦遗传种质资源、提高小麦育种水平具有重要意义。本文较为详细地介绍了从1896年至今小大麦杂交的研究历程,对小大麦杂交困难的原因及克服方法、杂种后代的应用进行了着重介绍,以期为进一步进行小大麦远缘杂交提供理论参考。
Wheat is the second largest crop in China after sown area only. Rice production is of great significance for economic development and improvement of people’s living standard. It is an important way for wheat breeding to make new breakthrough and reach a new stage by using distant hybridization to transfer the beneficial genes of wheat relatives into common wheat, broaden the genetic background of wheat and create new excellent germplasm resources. Barley has the characteristics of early maturity, more flowering and more grain, salt-tolerant and spike-resistant, high lysine content, suitable for late sowing, less affected by dry and hot wind, and more resistant to wheat rust, leaf blight, powdery mildew and yellow dwarf. High resistance and other characteristics. The introduction of these fine traits into wheat is of great significance for enriching wheat germplasm resources and raising the level of wheat breeding. This paper introduced the research progress of the hybridization of barley from 1896 till now, and introduced the reasons of crossbreeding difficulty and the methods of application and the application of hybrid offspring in order to provide a theoretical reference for the further hybridization of small barley.