化脓性脑膜炎(简称化脑)是小儿尤其是婴幼儿期较常见的感染性疾病。足月儿发病率为0.5～1‰,早产儿为4‰。目前,1岁以上病死率虽已降到10％以下但新生儿化脑仍高达60％,存活者后遗症发生率约为50％。因此,早期诊断和治疗,降低病死率及后遗症发生率仍是儿科医师面临的重要课题。本文就化脑的病原菌及实验室诊断的研究进展综述如下。 Purulent meningitis (referred to as the brain) is particularly common in infants and young children of infectious diseases. The incidence of term infants is 0.5 to 1 ‰ and preterm infants are 4 ‰. At present, the mortality rate of more than 1 year old has dropped below 10% but the neonatal brain is still up to 60%, and the survivors sequelae rate is about 50%. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment to reduce mortality and the incidence of sequelae remains an important issue for pediatricians. This article on the brain pathogens and laboratory diagnosis of progress are summarized below.