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本文描述了当今世界含金刚石的金伯利岩的加工实践,其中包括矿石准备、重介质分选、X射线荧光分选、油脂表层分选和泡沫分选。研究了矿石预选结果与金伯利岩物理性质和机械性能及金伯利岩的成矿气候条件(东部雅库特或赤道非洲的岩石)的关系。所使用的矿石准备和精选工艺的特点决定于金刚石和基岩的物理性质和物理化学性质,如矿物组成、孔隙率、密度和硬度。讨论了金刚石主要的加工方法,即重介质分选和X射线荧光分选的优缺点;科学地论证了提高金刚石回收率和保持其晶体完好的方法。
This paper describes the processing practice of today’s diamond-bearing kimberlite in the world, including ore preparation, gravimetric separation, X-ray fluorescence sorting, fat surface sorting and foam sorting. The relationship between the ore preselection results and the physical and mechanical properties of the kimberlite and the metallogenic climatic conditions of the kimberlite (rocks in the eastern Yakutia or equatorial Africa) were studied. The characteristics of ore preparation and selection processes used depend on the physical and physicochemical properties of diamond and bedrock, such as mineral composition, porosity, density and hardness. The main processing methods of diamond, ie, the advantages and disadvantages of heavy medium sorting and X-ray fluorescence sorting, are discussed. The methods to increase diamond recovery rate and keep the crystal intact are demonstrated scientifically.