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隧道的全断面施工方法主要有钻爆法、全断面隧道掘进机施工法和混合法施工等三种。一般情况下,隧道所处环境及所穿过的地质条件都很复杂,因此就其施工方法的选用而言,目前尚没有统一的标准。通过对国内外隧道(洞)工程施工实例的总结,全面分析了影响隧道施工方法选择的因素及应采取的相应措施。结合隧道用途及所需隧道的几何形状和尺寸,建立了隧道施工断面和所需隧道断面的数学模型,通过对此数学模型的求解,比较了全断面隧道掘进机施工和钻爆法施工的各自特点,在此基础上给出了根据所需隧道几何形状及尺寸应考虑的施工方法。文中还对这些施工方法的特点、应用范围、影响因素等内容进行了初步探讨,以期有助于我国隧道施工技术水平的提高。
Tunnel full-face construction methods are drilling and blasting method, full-face tunnel boring machine construction method and mixed construction of three. Under normal circumstances, the tunnel environment and the geological conditions are complicated to pass through, so the selection of construction methods, there is no uniform standard. Through the summary of construction examples of tunnels (tunnels) both at home and abroad, the factors influencing the selection of tunnel construction methods and the corresponding measures should be analyzed comprehensively. Based on the purpose of the tunnel and the geometry and size of the required tunnel, a mathematical model of the tunnel construction section and the required tunnel section is established. By solving this mathematical model, the construction of the full-face tunnel boring machine and the drilling and blasting method are compared On this basis, the construction method which should be considered according to the required tunnel geometry and size is given. The article also discussed the characteristics of these construction methods, the scope of application, influencing factors and other content for a preliminary discussion, with a view to helping China’s tunnel construction technology to improve.