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调查研究了一个以棉花,另一个以苧麻加蚕丝为原料的纺织厂工人的呼吸系统受损情况。发现纺织工人中呼吸道受损害甚为多发。鼻至肺有一项以上明确异常症状或体征即算作呼吸系统异常,棉纺厂为95.72％,绢麻厂为79.23％(P<0.01)。呼吸道异常中,上呼吸道异常又多于支气管肺,分别为98.02％及46.55％(P<0.01),过去对前者注意很不够。上呼吸道异常表现有鼻干、鼻塞、打喷嚏、咽干、咽痒、咽异物感、鼻粘膜充血、苍白、肿胀、咽充血、淋巴滤泡增生。支气管肺部异常为咳嗽、咯疾、胸部紧闷、气短及肺气肿体征。每周一、三、六上班后1小时作FEV_1％测定,不到1/3病人示明显递减,未见典型“周一发作”。X线胸片一般无特殊表现。此次证明棉尘对呼吸道的刺激很强,但苧麻加蚕丝粉尘也能引起呼吸道损害。作者等感到国际上以FEV_1递减作为诊断本病的标准值得商榷。还认为“棉尘肺”这个病名不确切。最后建议我国规定的纺织尘最高容许浓度(10mg/m~3)应予修订,纺织厂应大力采取除尘措施。
Investigated the damage to the respiratory system of a mill worker who used cotton and another ramie plus silk as raw material. The textile workers found that respiratory tract damage is very frequent. Nasal to the lungs have more than one clear abnormal symptoms or signs that count as abnormal respiratory system, cotton factory was 95.72%, silk linen plant was 79.23% (P <0.01). Abnormal respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract abnormalities than bronchial lung, respectively, 98.02% and 46.55% (P <0.01), the former attention to the former is not enough. Upper respiratory tract abnormalities are dry nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, throat, throat, pharyngeal foreign body sensation, nasal mucosal congestion, pale, swelling, pharyngeal congestion, lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. Bronchial lung abnormalities for the cough, a little illness, chest tightness, shortness of breath and emphysema signs. Every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday after work 1 hour for FEV_1% determination, less than 1/3 of patients showed significant decrease, no typical “Monday attack.” X-ray chest generally no special performance. The proof of cotton dust on the respiratory tract stimulation is very strong, but ramie plus silk dust can also cause respiratory damage. The authors felt that the international standard of FEV_1 decline as a diagnosis of the disease is debatable. Also think that “cotton pneumoconiosis” the name of the disease is not precise. Finally, China’s proposed maximum allowable concentration of textile dust (10mg / m ~ 3) should be revised, textile mills should vigorously take dust removal measures.