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目的分析近年乐陵市手足口病的流行特点,制定相应防控策略。方法对2008—2014年报告的手足口病疫情资料和病原学检测数据进行分析。结果 2008—2014年,全市共报告手足口病3 592例,死亡1例;年均发病率75.23/10万,死亡率0.27/10万。患者性别比1.9∶1,1~3岁散居儿童占83.4%;5~7月为发病高峰期;城区及城乡结合部发病率较高,偏远乡镇发病率相对较低。全市共发生手足口病聚集性疫情55起,其中36.4%涉及托幼机构。对323份阳性标本分析,EV71型占43.0%、其他肠道病毒占32.5%,CoxA16型占24.5%,不同年份主要由EV71型和CoxA16型交替为流行优势株,呈3年1个流行周期。结论夏季是乐陵市手足口病的发病高峰季节,3岁以下儿童是防控重点,病原学检测能及时预警,控制疫情扩散流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Leling City in recent years and to develop corresponding prevention and control strategies. Methods The HFMD epidemiological data and the etiological detection data reported in 2008-2014 were analyzed. Results From 2008 to 2014, a total of 3 592 HFMD cases were reported in the city, including 1 death. The average annual incidence was 75.23 / lakh and the mortality rate was 0.27 / lakh. Patients with gender ratio of 1.9: 1, 1-3 years of scattered children accounted for 83.4%; 5 to July peak incidence; urban and rural areas with a high incidence of junction, the incidence of remote towns is relatively low. A total of 55 HFMD outbreaks occurred in the city, of which 36.4% involved kindergartens. Among 323 positive samples, EV71 accounted for 43.0%, other enteroviruses accounted for 32.5% and CoxA16 accounted for 24.5%. In different years, EV71 and CoxA16 were predominantly epidemic predominant strains, with a prevalence of 3 years and 1 epidemic. Conclusion Summer is the peak season of hand-foot-mouth disease in Leling City. Children under 3 years of age are the focus of prevention and control. Epidemiological tests can give early warning and control the epidemic spread.