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在全球变化等多种因素的影响下,许多流域的泥沙问题严重,泥沙管理的重要性日益突出。通过对联合国教科文组织国际泥沙计划所开展的案例研究进行综述,认识到自然地理特征、社会经济条件、水利工程建设对流域产沙、输沙和水资源利用有重要影响。土壤侵蚀加速、水库淤积、下游输沙量减少和生态平衡破坏是目前全球各大流域面临的主要问题。综合各项案例,研究泥沙管理技术,提出流域综合泥沙管理的策略,包括水库淤积管理、推移质泥沙管理、土地管理和水土保持等技术手段,以及法律、行政和组织措施。
Under the influence of many factors such as global change, the sediment problem in many watersheds is serious, and the importance of sediment management becomes increasingly prominent. Through a review of the case studies carried out by the UNESCO International Sediment Project, it is recognized that the characteristics of natural geography, socio-economic conditions and water conservancy construction have a significant impact on the sediment yield, sediment transport and utilization of water resources in the basin. Accelerated soil erosion, reservoir siltation, downstream sediment reduction and ecological balance damage are the major problems facing all major drainage areas in the world. Based on the case studies, the paper studies sediment management techniques and puts forward strategies for integrated sediment management in the river basin, including reservoir siltation management, sediment transport over sediment management, land management, soil and water conservation and other legal measures as well as legal, administrative and organizational measures.