任何语言都有大大小小的语言单位,例如语素、词、短语、句子等等。拿一个一个语言单位来看,它们大都有多种作用,这就是所谓功能。然而综合起来考察,功能之间有同有异,常常是同中有异。从大处着眼,可以把功能归纳为三大类: 1.交际功能指把语言单位作为信息传达的载体。 2.句法功能指把语言单位作为构成更大单位的结构成分。 3.认知功能指把语言单位作为推理的依据。 Any language has large and small language units, such as morphemes, words, phrases, sentences and so on. Take a language unit of view, most of them have a variety of roles, this is the so-called function. However, when combined, the functions are different and often different from one another. Focusing from the big picture, the functions can be summarized into three categories: 1. Communicative function refers to the language unit as a carrier of information. 2. Syntactic function refers to the linguistic unit as a structural element that constitutes a larger unit. 3. Cognitive function refers to the language unit as the basis for reasoning.