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一般来说,国际投资对国际贸易有促进作用。过去学者们经常谈到直接投资带动了与投资内容有关的成套设备和原材料的出口。现在专家们又注意到海外子公司逆进口对增加贸易的作用。同时还需要特别指出的是通过直接投资对当地市场份额的占有,等同于出口的延长,是不表现为国际贸易的扩大市场占有率的途径。然而从本来的意义上来说,这毕竟是国际投资的结果而不是国际贸易本身。正是从这一点出发可以说明国际投资与国际贸易之间有着替代作用。我们所说的替代意义在于:在市场容量限定的条件下,由国外进入的商品和要素二者之间是相互排斥的,具有替代作用。本部分从实证的角度具体说明日商对华投资在中日贸易上引起的两重效果。
In general, international investment has a catalytic effect on international trade. In the past, scholars often talked about direct investment driving the export of complete sets of equipment and raw materials related to investment content. Now experts have also noticed the effect of overseas subsidiaries’ counter-import on increasing trade. At the same time, it is also necessary to point out that the possession of local market shares through direct investment is equivalent to the extension of exports and is not a way to expand market share of international trade. However, in the original sense, this is, after all, the result of international investment rather than international trade itself. It is from this point of departure that there can be a substitution between international investment and international trade. The alternative meaning we are referring to is that under the condition of limited market capacity, goods and elements that are imported from abroad are mutually exclusive and have an alternative role. This section specifies from an empirical perspective the dual effects of Japanese investment in China on Sino-Japanese trade.