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剥削学说和资本主义基本矛盾是马克思的两个重要理论。现代金融学为理解剥削理论和资本主义基本矛盾提供了的一个新的视角。利用现代金融学的投资组合理论和资产定价模型,从风险与收益的关系入手研究剥削,利用资本预算决策和凯恩斯经济学来理解资本主义的基本矛盾是文章的重要尝试。通过分析专业化分工对投资风险的影响,能够从资本所有者要求回报率的角度来理解私有制资本的剥削本质;利用公司财务和宏观经济学理论的结合,能够从私有资本投资决策的角度来解释资本主义发生周期性经济危机的必然性。完善我国的基本经济制度应该从分析不同资本的性质入手,坚持公有制为主体并引导鼓励其他所有制经济的发展。
The basic contradictions between the theory of exploitation and capitalism are two important Marxist theories. Modern finance provides a new perspective for understanding the basic theory of exploitation and capitalism. It is an important attempt of the article to use the modern financial theory of portfolio theory and asset pricing model to study the relationship between risk and return by studying exploitation, making use of capital budget decision-making and Keynesian economics to understand the basic contradictions of capitalism. By analyzing the influence of specialized division of labor on investment risk, we can understand the nature of the exploitation of private-owned capital from the point of view of the rate of return of capital owners. By using the combination of corporate finance and macroeconomic theory, we can explain from the perspective of private-equity investment decision-making The Necessity of Periodic Economic Crisis in Capitalism. Perfecting China’s basic economic system should start with an analysis of the nature of different types of capital, adhere to public ownership as the main body and guide and encourage the development of other ownership economy.