改革开放以来,中国思想界所出现的影响广泛的自由主义、民族主义和“新左派”三大社会思潮,集中反映了中国社会发展进程中的矛盾与冲突,鲜明表达了不同社会阶层、群体在急剧变动时代的感受与愿望。自由主义立足于市场经济和私有产权之上,扮演着哺育新阶级的乳母和代言人的角色;民族主义则以挑战全球化内在逻辑的姿态,对自由主义给予中国的未来选择发出强烈质疑;“新左派”承袭世界主流思潮的拷问现代性的批判性话语风格,将反思传统社会主义与批评资本主义和西化潮流融于一炉。每一种思潮都有它的历史渊源与学术背景,彼此间呈现出既有重大差异又有密切关联的特质。本文通过对三大思潮及其相互关系的评析,试图展现当代中国思想界沉浮分化、进退起伏的图景,帮助读者深入理解当代中国社会的历史发展与变迁。 Since the introduction of the policy of reform and opening up, the three major ideological trends of socialism such as liberalism, nationalism and “new left ” that have taken shape in the Chinese ideological field have concentratedly reflected the contradictions and conflicts in the process of social development in China. They have clearly expressed the different social strata, Feelings and aspirations of groups in an age of rapid change. Based on the market economy and private property rights, liberalism plays the role of nurse and spokesman for nurturing a new class. Nationalism has challenged the internal logic of globalization and strongly challenged the future choices that liberalism gives China. The new left "will inherit the mainstream discourse of the world and interrogate the critical discourse style of modernity. It will reconsider the traditional socialism and criticize the capitalist and westernized currents in a single furnace. Each trend of thought has its historical origins and academic background, presenting each other with both significant and closely related traits. By analyzing and commenting on the three trends of thought and their interrelationships, this essay attempts to show the ups and downs of contemporary Chinese thought circles and to help the readers understand the historical development and changes of contemporary Chinese society.