一、前言海洋在本质上起着像大气那样重要的作用,即便人们对于海洋变化及多方面的作用可能既未充分地觉察到,也未很好地理解它。海洋对天气和气候有着深远的影响,同时海洋作为储存、分配和释放太阳能的热储存器以及大气中水汽的主要来源,海洋也受着大气的影响。海洋与其邻接的陆地和大气之间的相互作用快则数分钟,慢则千万年。在海洋中及海底下经 I. INTRODUCTION The oceans play an essential role in the nature of the atmosphere, even though people may neither adequately perceive nor understand it adequately for the oceans’ changing and multifaceted role. The ocean has far-reaching effects on weather and climate, and the oceans are also affected by the atmosphere as the main source of heat storage, distribution and release of solar energy and atmospheric water vapor. The interaction between the ocean and its adjoining land and atmosphere can be as fast as tens of millions of years. Under the sea and under the sea