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目的通过分析湖南省长沙县2006—2012年麻疹流行特征,为制定有效防制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学的方法对2006—2012年麻疹发病数据资料进行分析。结果长沙县2006—2012年累计报告麻疹病例共417例,年平均发病率为7.69/10万。男性发病率高于女性(男女比为1.5∶1);高发年龄为6岁以内儿童,发病率以星沙镇最高,其次为黄花镇和金井镇;发病有明显的季节性(以冬春季为主,高峰期为3~6月),2006—2008年麻疹发病水平呈上升趋势,2008年达到最高峰,在2009年开展强化免疫后呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=315.034,P<0.01),但2011、2012年麻疹发病率又有抬头的趋势,通过2010年麻疹强化和2011、2012年麻疹查漏补种,发病保持在较低水平。结论免疫强化后该县麻疹发病率显著下降,应继续加强麻疹强化免疫与查漏补种工作,达到消除麻疹的目的。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of measles in Changsha County of Hunan Province from 2006 to 2012 and provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of measles incidence from 2006 to 2012. Results A total of 417 measles cases were reported in Changsha County from 2006 to 2012, with an average annual incidence rate of 7.69 / 100,000. The incidence of males was higher than that of females (the ratio of men to women was 1.5: 1). The incidence of children aged 6 years was the highest in Xingsha Town, followed by Huanghua Town and Jinjing Town. The incidence was obviously seasonal Main and peak period from March to June), the incidence of measles increased from 2006 to 2008 and peaked in 2008, and then decreased after intensified immunization in 2009 with a significant difference (χ2 = 315.034, P <0.01). However, the incidence of measles in 2011 and 2012 is on the rise again. The incidence of measles was kept at a relatively low level in 2010 with the intensification of measles and the detection of measles in 2011 and 2012. Conclusion The incidence of measles in this county decreased significantly after the immunization. The measles immunization and leak detection and replanting should be strengthened to eliminate the measles.