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美国自引进和广泛使用脊灰炎病毒灭活疫苗和活疫苗以来,已使脊灰炎发病率显著下降。1952年报告的麻痹型病例达二万多例,而现在每年平均才不到20例。由于大规模预防的结果,美国实际上已无野脊灰炎病毒循环,对野病毒传入的个人防护作用取决于成功的免疫接种。1976～1977年所得到的资料表明了美国有大量(约1/3)5岁以下儿童未服过全程三价口服活疫苗(TOPV)。这些情况及其他调查的发现,促使美国科学院医学研究所成立了一个研究组,以便推荐11～12岁年龄组常规加服一次TOPV。这个建议不仅可以确保对野病毒侵袭的保护作用,而且也可保证进入青年的人员,预防由其服苗婴儿或其他儿童所致之与活疫
Since the introduction and widespread use of the poliovirus inactivated vaccine and live vaccine in the United States, the incidence of pollinitis has been significantly reduced. In 1952 there were more than 20,000 paralytic cases reported, and now on average less than 20 cases a year. As a result of mass-scale prevention, the United States has virtually no circulation of the virus, and the personal protection against wild-type virus transmission depends on successful immunization. The data obtained from 1976 to 1977 show that a large number (about one-third) of children under the age of 5 in the United States have not taken the whole trivalent oral live vaccine (TOPV). These and other findings have led to the establishment of a study group at the Institute of Medicine of the American Academy of Sciences to recommend routine addition of TOPV to the 11-12 age group. This proposal not only ensures the protection of the wild against the virus but also ensures that young people entering the community can prevent the spread of live births caused by their babies or other children