本文从成象的观点对一般具有平行等距条纹的平面光栅(包括振幅型光栅、位相型光栅和Ronchi光栅)的性质进行了比较系统的分析,证明了在傍轴近似下它可以同时形成透射多重象和反射多重象,并从光程差的观点说明了其成象机理。此现象可以在测定未知波长、同时记录多重象等方面得到实际应用,本文也对实用申的若干问题进行了分析和讨论。 This paper systematically analyzes the properties of planar gratings (including amplitude grating, phase grating and Ronchi grating) with parallel equidistant stripes from the imaging point of view, and proves that under the paraxial approximation it can form a transmissive Multiple image and reflection multiple image, and from the optical path difference point of view of its imaging mechanism. This phenomenon can be used in the determination of unknown wavelengths, recording multiple images simultaneously, and so on. This paper also analyzes and discusses some practical problems.