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铼(Re)、锇(Os)元素具有对氧化还原的敏感性和亲有机质特性,富集于烃源岩、油砂、原油、沥青等油气藏相关地质样品中,并被用于油气藏同位素定年。该方法既可通过Re-Os等时线直接获取油气成藏过程的绝对地质年龄,又可利用Os同位素初始值开展油源对比。分析近十余年来油气藏Re-Os同位素年代学研究的进展与不足,指出为推动该定年技术的发展及其在油气勘探实践中的应用,学术界和工业界应密切合作共同探索Re-Os同位素在油气系统中的分馏机理,全面评价硫酸盐热化学还原反应(TSR)、热解事件等后期地质过程对Re-Os同位素体系的潜在影响;综合运用无机和有机地球化学方法,建立判别油气来源的有效工具,以帮助合理选择满足同源特征的Re-Os同位素定年对象。这些问题的解决将有助于尽快建立油气藏Re-Os同位素定年的实用技术方案,并为业内的终端用户提供完整的使用指南。
Re and Os have redox and pro-organic characteristics and are enriched in related geological samples such as source rocks, oil sands, crude oil and bitumen, and are used for isotopic dating of oil and gas reservoirs . The method can directly obtain the absolute geologic ages of hydrocarbon accumulation process by the Re-Os isochron and can also make the oil source contrast by using the initial value of Os isotope. This paper analyzes the progress and insufficiency of the Re-Os isotopic dating of oil and gas reservoirs in the past decade. It is pointed out that in order to promote the development of the dating technology and its application in oil and gas exploration, academia and industry should work closely together to explore Re- Os isotope fractionation mechanism in oil and gas systems to fully evaluate the potential impact of post-geological processes such as thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) and pyrolysis events on the Re-Os isotopic system. By using inorganic and organic geochemical methods, Effective tools for oil and gas sources to help rationalize the selection of Re-Os isotope dating objects that satisfy homology. The solution of these problems will help to establish a practical technical scheme for dating Re-Os isotope dating of oil and gas reservoirs as soon as possible, and provide complete instructions for the end user in the industry.