一、前言随着我国原子能事业的飞跃发展,氢化锂和氘化锂现已生产和使用,接触这两种毒物的人员也日渐增多。然而,有关氢化锂的毒理及中毒资料甚少,氘化锂至今未见报道。因此,通过现场调查和实验研究,尽快地阐明它们的毒性及其对机体的毒理作用特点,进而为防治中毒提出科学依据和建议,这是当前急待解决的问题。1956年斯派格(Spiegl)等首次做了氢化锂的吸入中毒实验。该实验是将84只大鼠、33只小鼠、10只荷兰猪和8只家兔,暴露在含有氢化锂浓度为5～55毫克锂/米~3的空气中,一次连续中毒4～7小时;另又将22只大鼠、19只小鼠、6只荷兰猪和6只家兔,在氢化锂为5毫克锂/米~3浓度下中毒一周(共20小时)。观察到氢化锂具有强烈的刺激和腐蚀作用。所有浓度都引起动物咳嗽、喷嚏,大鼠、小鼠及家兔的鼻和前爪出现溃疡,家兔和荷兰猪的眼睛出现刺激症状,眼睛发炎、并带有浓性粘液的分泌物,10毫克锂/米~3以上的高浓度腐蚀了部份动物的皮毛和腿部皮肤,少数大鼠外部的鼻中隔损伤。鼻和爪的病理组织学变化与烧伤相似,在高浓度氢化锂中毒后短期杀死的小鼠,气管粘膜上皮出现浅层坏死。但是所有动物均 I. Introduction With the rapid development of atomic energy in our country, lithium hydride and lithium deuteride are now being produced and used. The number of personnel exposed to these two kinds of poison is also on the increase. However, toxic lithium poisoning and poisoning little information, lithium deuteride has not been reported so far. Therefore, through on-site investigation and experimental study, it is urgent to clarify their toxicity and toxicological effects on the body as soon as possible so as to provide scientific basis and suggestions for prevention and control of poisoning. This is an urgent issue to be solved. In 1956, Spiegl made the first lithium-iodine poisoning experiment. In this experiment, 84 rats, 33 mice, 10 dutch pigs and 8 rabbits were exposed to air containing 5 to 55 mg lithium / m ~ 3 lithium hydride at a concentration of 4 to 7 Hour. In addition, 22 rats, 19 mice, 6 dutch pigs and 6 rabbits were poisoned for another week (total 20 hours) at a lithium hydride concentration of 5 mg lithium / m3. Lithium hydride has been observed to have a strong stimulus and corrosion. All concentrations cause coughing and sneezing in animals, ulcers in the nose and forepaws of rats, mice and rabbits, irritation in eyes of rabbits and dutch pigs, inflamed eyes, and secretions with concentrated mucus, 10 Milligrams of lithium / m ~ 3 above the high concentration of corrosion of some animal skin and leg skin, a few rats outside the nasal septal damage. Histopathological changes of the nose and paw were similar to those of the burn, with shallow necrosis of the tracheal mucosal epithelium in mice killed shortly after exposure to high concentrations of lithium hydride. But all animals are