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在对德国法西斯主义研究中,一种流行的观点认为,1933年1月30日希特勒出任总理是德国法西斯政权建立的标志。这种提法,从希特勒民社党上台成为执政党来说可以成立,但是希特勒这时还未能确立民社党的极权独裁统治。从希特勒上台直至德国法西斯政权全面确立,中间经历了一段时间和过程,即1933年1月30日至1934年8月2日的过渡阶段。本文拟对这个问题进行探讨。
In the study of German fascism, a popular view holds that Hitler’s appointment as prime minister on January 30, 1933 marked the establishment of the German fascist regime. Such a formulation, which Hitler’s Socialist Party came to power as a ruling party, could be established, but Hitler was unable to establish the totalitarian dictatorship of the Socialist Party at this time. The period from Hitler’s assumption of power to the complete establishment of the German fascist regime lasted for some time and during the transitional period from January 30, 1933 to August 2, 1934. This article intends to explore this issue.