论文部分内容阅读
我国学者对生态城市的研究,多集中于城市生态规划技术方法的探讨,鲜有反思生态城市的理念起源及其实践效果。文章综述近年来西方学者的研究成果,对生态城市理念和实践的核心争论点进行剖析。文章首先回顾生态城市理论及实践的变迁,将生态实践划分为3个阶段,第1个阶段是20世纪70年代早期自下而上的社区实践,第2个阶段是20世纪90年代可持续发展理念引发的热潮,第3个阶段是全球化大规模生态城市运动。然后分析生态理论在概念上的学术分歧,认为生态城市没有统一的定义和标准,为实践提供了灵活性;并理清生态城市、可持续发展、生态现代化这几个概念的联系。最后作者分析了生态城市实践近年来在学术上和实践中的核心争论点:认为在组织模式上,由政府、企业推动的自上而下的模式逐渐取代了早期自下而上的社区模式;在适用范围方面,典范性项目存在局限性难以在全球复制,依然发挥了积极作用;在生态理论的内在矛盾方面,经济发展是许多生态城市项目的出发点,但环境保护和经济发展难以平衡。
The researches on eco-city by our country scholars focus more on the technical methods of urban eco-planning, and rarely reflect on the origin of the concept of eco-city and its practical effect. This article summarizes the research achievements of western scholars in recent years and analyzes the core controversies of the concept and practice of eco-city. The article first reviews the changes of eco-city theory and practice, divides ecological practice into three stages: the first one is the bottom-up community practice in the early 1970s, the second one is the sustainable development in the 1990s The craze triggered by the concept, the third stage is the globalization of large-scale eco-city movement. Then, we analyze the academic disagreements of the ecological theory in terms of concept, think that there is no unified definition and standard of eco-city, and provide the flexibility for practice; and clarify the connection among eco-city, sustainable development and ecological modernization. In the end, the author analyzes the core controversy in practice and practice of eco-city practice in recent years: the top-down model promoted by government and enterprises gradually replaced the bottom-up model of community in organizational mode; As far as the scope of application is concerned, the limitations of the model projects are still hard to replicate in the world and they still play an active role. In terms of the inherent contradictions of ecological theory, economic development is the starting point for many eco-city projects. However, environmental protection and economic development are difficult to balance.