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目的经股动脉途径行选择性颈内动脉插管建立兔大脑中动脉(MCA)血栓栓塞模型,并评价其技术可行性及模型的稳定性。方法新西兰大白兔30只,雌雄不限,平均兔龄14个月,体质量4.1kg。对照组10只,实验组20只。经股动脉途径行选择性颈内动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA),实验组向颈内动脉内注射1~5枚血栓,对照组仅注射造影剂。行DSA,观察脑血管闭塞情况,用改良Bederson评分法评价神经功能缺损,CT灌注成像观察脑血流灌注,磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)、2,3,5-三苯基氯化四氮唑(TTC)染色观察脑梗塞情况。结果实验组17只兔(85%)脑缺血模型建立成功,表现为手术侧MCA主干闭塞,神经功能缺损,MCA供血区血流灌注异常,DWI信号、TTC染色异常。3只脑缺血模型建立失败,其中2只为颈内动脉栓塞,1只闭塞的MCA再通。对照组影像学及病理学均无异常。两组CT灌注参数差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论经股动脉途径行选择性颈内动脉插管建立兔MCA血栓栓塞模型具有创伤小、易存活等优点。选择合适的血栓及熟悉兔颈内动脉系统解剖及变异能提高局灶性脑缺血模型的稳定性及可重复性。
Objective To establish a model of thromboembolism in middle cerebral artery (MCA) in rabbits by selective intra-arterial catheterization through the femoral artery and to evaluate the technical feasibility and the stability of the model. Methods New Zealand white rabbits 30, male or female, the average age of rabbit 14 months, body weight 4.1kg. 10 in the control group and 20 in the experimental group. The selective internal carotid artery digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed via the femoral artery. In the experimental group, 1 ~ 5 thrombus was injected into the internal carotid artery, while the contrast group was injected with contrast agent only. DSA was performed to observe the occlusion of cerebrovascular disease. Neurological deficit was evaluated by modified Bederson’s score method. Cerebral perfusion, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride Toluene (TTC) staining observed cerebral infarction. Results 17 rabbits (85%) in the experimental group were successfully established cerebral ischemia model. They showed trunk occlusion on MCA side, neurological deficit, abnormal perfusion in MCA blood supply area, DWI signal and abnormal TTC staining. Three models of cerebral ischemia failed to establish, of which two were internal carotid artery embolization and one occluded MCA was recanalized. The control group had no abnormalities in imaging and pathology. There was significant difference in CT perfusion parameters between the two groups (P <0.01). Conclusion The establishment of rabbit model of MCA thromboembolism by selective internal carotid artery cannulation through the femoral artery has the advantages of less trauma and more survival. Select the appropriate thrombosis and familiar with the rabbit internal carotid artery anatomy and variation can improve the stability of the focal cerebral ischemia model and repeatability.