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问:怎样用托里拆利实验测出大气压的值? 答:在长约1m,一端封闭的玻璃管里灌满水银,然后用食指堵住管口,倒插在水银槽中,移 开手指,待管内水银不再下降时,用刻度尺测出管内外水银面的高度差h,根据公式p-ρgh求出高 为h的水银柱产生的压强,因为水银柱产生的压强与大气压强相等,这样就测出了大气压强的值. 问:为什么水银柱产生的压强就等于大气压强? 答:实验中管内上方是真空,而管外水银面受大气压强作用,支持管内水银柱,因此管内的 水银柱产生的压强等于大气压强值.
Q: How do you measure the atmospheric pressure using the Torridian experiment? Answer: Fill a glass tube with a length of about 1m in one end and fill it with mercury. Then close the nozzle with your index finger, insert it in the mercury tank, and remove your finger. When the mercury in the tube no longer drops, measure the height difference h between the inside and outside of the tube with a scale. According to the formula p-ρgh, find the pressure generated by the mercury column with height h, because the pressure generated by the mercury column is equal to the atmospheric pressure. In this way, the value of atmospheric pressure was measured. Q: Why does the pressure generated by the mercury column equal to the atmospheric pressure? A: In the experiment, the top of the tube is a vacuum, while the outer surface of the tube is affected by atmospheric pressure, supporting the mercury column in the tube, so the tube The pressure generated by the mercury column is equal to the atmospheric pressure value.