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铅是广泛存在于环境中的有毒重金属。儿童、孕妇、老年人等不同人群铅暴露和代谢动力学特点迥异,而且铅的暴露和效应与机体多个代谢通路和机制有关。除ALAD、VDR、HFE基因外,新近发现铁代谢相关基因(TF)、氧化应激相关基因(Rac2、GPx1、XDH)也是影响机体铅内暴露水平的相关基因。本文综述了不同人群铅暴露特点、代谢特征及不同人群铅暴露敏感标志物,并对全基因组关联研究(GWAS)在该领域中的应用进行展望。
Lead is a toxic heavy metal widely found in the environment. The lead exposure and the metabolic kinetic characteristics of different groups such as children, pregnant women and the elderly are quite different, and the exposure and effects of lead are related to many metabolic pathways and mechanisms in the body. In addition to ALAD, VDR and HFE genes, recently found that iron metabolism-related genes (TFs) and oxidative stress-related genes (Rac2, GPx1 and XDH) are also related genes that affect the level of lead exposure in the body. This review summarizes the characteristics of lead exposure, metabolic characteristics, and lead exposure-sensitive markers in different populations, and looks forward to the application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in this field.