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针对高酸原油碱洗脱酸过程中反应速率较慢且乳化严重的问题,以十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DDBAC)为相转移催化剂和乳化抑制剂,利用电导率、Zeta电位和全功能稳定性分析等方法对原油与NaOH溶液之间反应速率和乳状液稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,DDBAC可以显著提高原油与碱液反应速率并且有效抑制乳化。在25℃,DDBAC质量浓度为400 mg/L时,反应速率提高了15倍;在反应温度为50℃,NaOH质量分数为4%时,随着DDBAC质量浓度的增加,碱液含油量和Zeta电位均显著降低,当DDBAC质量浓度为300 mg/L时,4%NaOH溶液油含量降至79.69 mg/L,减少51.79%,Zeta电位从-38.087 mV降至-27.97 mV。原油酸值经二级碱洗脱酸后可以降至0.41 mg(KOH)/g。
Aiming at the problem of slow reaction rate and serious emulsification in the process of eluting alkali with high acid crude oil, DDBAC was used as phase transfer catalyst and emulsification inhibitor. The conductivity, Zeta Potential and full-function stability analysis of crude oil and NaOH solution between the reaction rate and emulsion stability were studied. The results show that DDBAC can significantly improve the reaction rate of crude oil and alkali and effectively inhibit the emulsification. When the DDBAC concentration was 400 mg / L at 25 ℃, the reaction rate increased 15-fold. When the reaction temperature was 50 ℃ and the mass fraction of NaOH was 4%, with the increase of DDBAC mass concentration, When the DDBAC concentration was 300 mg / L, the oil content of 4% NaOH solution decreased to 79.69 mg / L, decreased by 51.79% and the Zeta potential decreased from -38.087 mV to -27.97 mV. Crude oil acid value can be reduced to 0.41 mg (KOH) / g after secondary acid washout.