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目的全面掌握全州县伤寒、副伤寒的发病情况及流行特征,为制定防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法在全州县建立伤寒、副伤寒监测系统,采集就诊发热患者和疑似患者血液标本、疫点水(定点水)水样以及饮食从业人员和随访患者粪便标本进行检测。结果采集发热患者血液标本12 307份,共检出伤寒、副伤寒574例,发病率占4.66%;男性略多于女性,性别比为1.12∶1;20岁~49岁以下占50.87%,以少年儿童和青壮年阳性者多;发病高峰在6月-10月,占总发病数的59.06%;发病数前5名的乡镇均为交通便利的地方,占总发病数的76.48%;发病人群以农民和学生为主,分别占53.14%和24.56%;饮食从业人员、随访患者和水样均未检出阳性。结论通过积极的防控措施,近4年全州县伤寒、副伤寒发病率下降明显。
Objective To comprehensively grasp the incidence and epidemic characteristics of typhoid fever and paratyphoid in Quanzhou County and provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Typhoid fever and paratyphoid surveillance system was established in Jeonju County. Blood samples of patients with fever and suspected cases, water samples of epidemic spot (fixed point water) and diet practitioners and stool samples of follow-up patients were collected for detection. Results A total of 12 307 blood samples were collected from fever patients, 574 cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever were detected, the incidence rate was 4.66%; the male was slightly more than the female with a sex ratio of 1.12:1; and 50.87% under the age of 20 to 49 years old, The incidence peak was in June-October, accounting for 59.06% of the total number of cases; the top 5 townships were all easily accessible places, accounting for 76.48% of the total number of cases; Mainly farmers and students, accounting for 53.14% and 24.56% respectively; no positive results were found in diet practitioners, follow-up patients and water samples. Conclusion Through active prevention and control measures, the morbidity of typhoid and paratyphoid in Quanzhou County decreased significantly in the recent 4 years.