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启蒙有广义与狭义之分 ,狭义的启蒙指兴盛于 1 8世纪的欧洲启蒙运动 ,广义的启蒙最一般的特征是精神的延伸性。启蒙在不同时代和民族中不可能是一样的 ,昨天的启蒙与今天和明天的启蒙也不是一样的。启蒙的精髓是呼吁独立思考的勇气 ,启蒙的自由意味着突破精神的禁区。本文沿着这样的思路分析了三个世纪以来法国启蒙运动的不同倾向。
Enlightenment has a broad and narrow sense, narrow sense of enlightenment refers to the European enlightenment flourished in the 18th century, the most general feature of generalized enlightenment is the spiritual extension. Enlightenment can not be the same in different times and nations. The enlightenment of yesterday is not the same as the enlightenment of today and tomorrow. The essence of enlightenment is the courage to call for independent thinking, and the enlightenment means the restricted area of spiritual breakthrough. This article analyzes the different tendencies of the French Enlightenment over the three centuries along such lines of thought.