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在固态秸秆上培养黑曲霉M1M15M19、黄孢原毛平革菌、杂色云芝和草菇VT53,优化营养条件和培养方式,测定秸秆降解过程中木质纤维酶类和秸秆成分的变化。结果表明,4菌株降解木质素的最佳碳氮比均为1 g秸秆中加入0.4 g葡萄糖和0.006 g氯化氨。单菌株降解时,黄孢原毛平革菌对木质素的降解效果最好,32 d固态培养后,木质素降解率为37.2%;多菌株联合降解时,先接黄孢原毛平革菌后接杂色云芝方式下的降解效果最好,32 d固态培养后,木质素降解率为51.3%;4株微生物都可产生漆酶(Laccase,Lac)、锰依赖过氧化物酶(Manganese-dependent peroxidase,MnP)、术质素过氧化物酶(Ligmin peroxidase,Lip)、纤维素酶(Cellulase,Cel)、半纤维素酶(Hemicellulase,Hcel)等木质素降解酶类(黑曲霉M1M15M19、黄孢原毛平革菌不产生Lac)。Lac、MnP、Lip是影响木质素降解的关键性酶类,Cel、Hcel是纤维素和半纤维素降解的关键性酶类,且酶活性越高,降解率越大。纤维素和半纤维素的降解优先于木质素;秸秆降解过程中产生还原性糖类,碳元素含量减少。研究表明,采用先接黄孢原毛平革菌后接杂色云芝的方式处理秸秆32 d时降解效果最好,可使木质纤维素发生生物高效降解。
Aspergillus niger M1M15M19, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, V. versicolor and V.vulgaris VT53 were cultured on solid stalks to optimize the nutrition conditions and culture methods. The changes of lignocelluloses enzymes and stalks during the process of straw degradation were determined. The results showed that 4 strains of lignin degradation of the best carbon and nitrogen ratio were 1 g of straw by adding 0.4 g of glucose and 0.006 g of ammonium chloride. When the single strain was degraded, Phanerochaete chrysosporium had the best degradation effect on lignin. After 32 days of solid culture, the degradation rate of lignin was 37.2%. When the multi-strain was degraded, the Phanerochaete chrysosporium The best degradability was obtained under the method of versicolor and Cloudcomycin, and the degradation rate of lignin was 51.3% after 32 days of solid culture. Laccase (Lac) and manganese-dependent peroxidase peroxidase (MnP), Ligmin peroxidase (Lip), Cellulase (Cel), Hemicellulase (Hcel) and other ligninolytic enzymes (Aspergillus niger M1M15M19, Phanerochare no Lac). Lac, MnP, Lip are the key enzymes affecting lignin degradation. Cel, Hcel are the key enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. The higher the enzyme activity, the higher the degradation rate. Degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose takes precedence over lignin; reductive sugars are produced during the degradation of straw and the content of carbon is reduced. The results showed that the biodegradation of lignocellulose could be efficiently carried out by using the first accession of Phanerochaete chrysosporium followed by Staphylococcus versicolor for 32 days.