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目的:分析2015—2016赛季CBA的犯规特征,提高裁判员在执裁过程中的预见性和准确性,提高裁判员的执裁水平和管理能力。方法:采用文献资料法、访谈法、观察法等。结果:CBA各队场均犯规次数为23.7,其中最高为浙江队,场均28.7次,最低为福建队,场均21.2次;时间特征是第2节平均12.4次,第4节平均15.2次,明显高于第1节的9.6次和3节的10.2次,第1节的最后2 min,第2、3、4节的最后4 min是犯规的高发时间段;犯规区域主要集中在篮下区域,且越靠近篮下犯规的比例也越高;各种犯规性质中,手部动作犯规频率最高,其中推人、拉人、打手3种性质的犯规所占比例高达70%以上;犯规对象主要是投篮动作和突破动作,防投篮犯规38.6%、防突破犯规22.6%。结论:对篮球比赛的管理,主要体现在对比赛犯规的管理。预见性对临场裁判做出正确判罚至关重要,只有掌握篮球比赛的犯规特点才会做到心中有数,提前预判,一旦出现犯规迹象,裁判可以在第一时间做出判罚。掌握运动员犯规的时间特征、区域特征、性质特征和动作特征可以有效提高临场裁判预见性,提高裁判判罚的准确性。
Objective: To analyze the foul features of the CBA during the 2015-2016 season, improve the predictability and accuracy of referees in the process of execution, and improve the referee’s level of management and management ability. Methods: Using literature, interview, observation and so on. Results: CBA fouls per game averaged 23.7 times, of which the highest Zhejiang team, averaging 28.7 times, the lowest for the Fujian team, averaging 21.2 times; time features are the second section of an average of 12.4 times, the fourth section of an average of 15.2 times, Significantly higher than the 10.2 times of 9.6 times and 3 sections in Section 1, the last 2 minutes of Section 1, and the last 4 minutes of Section 2, 3 and 4 were the high fouling time periods. The foul area mainly concentrated in the area under the basket , And the higher the proportion of fouls closer to the basket, the highest frequency of hand-action fouls in all kinds of fouls, of which the proportion of fouls of pushing, pulling, and thugs up to 70% Is a shooting action and breakthrough action, anti-foul shot 38.6%, 22.6% against break foul. Conclusion: The management of basketball games, mainly reflected in the management of fouls. Foreseeability of the referee to make the correct penalty is crucial, only to master the foul features of basketball games will be aware of the situation, in advance to predict, in the event of foul signs, the referee can make the first penalty. Grasping the time characteristics, regional characteristics, character characteristics and action characteristics of athlete fouls can effectively improve the predictability of the on-the-spot referee and improve the referee’s accuracy.