目的探讨早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的危险因素及其意义。方法对在湖南省儿童医院就诊的胎龄<32周68例BPD患儿的危险因素进行logistic回归分析,并对其预防措施进行探讨,同时以168例非BPD患儿进行对照。结果 BPD在<32周早产儿中发生率为28.81%,出生体重<1 000 g(P<0.01,OR=6.684)、胎龄<28周(P<0.01,OR=2.629)、胎膜早破(P<0.05,OR=2.313)、呼吸机治疗(P<0.05,OR=1.592)、感染(P<0.05,OR=2.313)是早产儿发生BPD的相关危险因素。结论避免低体重早产儿的出生,缩短机械通气的时间,及时治疗和防治感染尤其是肺部感染史预防早产儿发生BPD的重要预防措施。 Objective To explore the risk factors and their significance of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Methods Sixty-eight children with BPD at gestational age <32 weeks in Hunan Children’s Hospital were enrolled in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors and the preventive measures were also discussed. 168 non-BPD children were enrolled in this study. Results The incidence of BPD was 28.81% in preterm infants <32 weeks, birth weight <1000g (P <0.01, OR = 6.684), gestational age <28 weeks (P <0.01, OR = 2.629) (P <0.05, OR = 2.313), ventilator treatment (P <0.05, OR = 1.592), and infection (P <0.05, OR = 2.313) were associated risk factors for BPD in preterm infants. Conclusion Preventing the birth of low birth weight premature infants, shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation, and timely prevention and treatment of infections, especially the history of pulmonary infection, prevent BPD in preterm infants.