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青藏高原地区是世界上已知的两型棘球蚴病的高流行区,但其犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染率却与世界其它高流行区无明显区别,大部分地区的感染率低于40%。调查资料显示,与其他流行区犬多房棘球绦虫感染呈零星的点状分布特征不同,位于青藏高原的四川省甘孜州和青海省的犬多房棘球感染普遍存在,且感染率较高。甘孜州的犬棘球绦虫总感染率在1983—2009年基本保持稳定,青海省的棘球绦虫属总感染率2000-2014年间也变化不大。2006年以来,我国棘球蚴病流行区启动了一系列综合防治措施,取得了一定成效。2009-2013年,四川省棘球蚴病流行区犬棘球绦虫感染率分别为28.10%、15.87%、19.22%、3.28%和1.11%,甘肃省甘南州、青海省部分区域的犬棘球绦虫感染率也出现了下降。本文对青藏高原地区的犬棘球蚴感染规律和特征进行了文献回顾与分析,以期为棘球蚴病的防控提供可借鉴的信息。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the most endemic area of known two-type hydatid disease in the world, but the infection rate of its canine Echinococcus granulosus is not significantly different from other high-endemic areas in the world, and the infection rate in most areas is lower than 40%. Survey data show that dogs with other endemic areas of Echinococcus multilocular sporozoites were sporadic spot distribution of different characteristics, located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of Sichuan Province, Ganzi Prefecture and Qinghai Province, multi-echinococcosis prevalence, and the infection rate is high . The total infection rate of Echinococcus granosus in Ganzi Prefecture remained stable in 1983-2009. The total infection rate of Echinococcus in Qinghai Province during 2000-2014 changed little. Since 2006, a series of comprehensive prevention and treatment measures have been initiated in the endemic area of hydatid disease in our country and some achievements have been achieved. In 2009-2013, the prevalence of Echinococcus granosus in Sichuan Province was 28.10%, 15.87%, 19.22%, 3.28% and 1.11%, respectively. The prevalence of Echinococcus granosus in Gannan Prefecture and Qinghai Province of Gansu Province Infection rates also dropped. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed the regularity and characteristics of echinococcosis infection in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of echinococcosis.