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以机械设计方法学为理论基础 ,探讨了以改善作物生长的土壤物理条件为目标的地表覆盖种植技术工艺在种植业生产上的应用特点 ,进而阐述了自然环境 -地表覆盖层 -土壤 -作物系统中构建地表覆盖种植工艺的功能要求、交互作用要求、技术要求和操作要求 ,并根据各种要求的重要程度建立了满足要求的地表覆盖技术工艺的三级优先原则。以此为基础 ,研究了地表覆盖的部分功能以及部分功能的组合总体功能 ,并对其功能进行了检验分析。在列举可能作为地表覆盖材料的前提下 ,提出构建地表覆盖种植工艺的 5种方案 :农业生产废弃物覆盖地表 ,如碎秸秆、谷物颖壳和碎草等 ;不透光合成材料覆盖地表 ,如黑色沥青涂层纸和黑色塑料薄膜 ;透光合成材料覆盖地表 ,如各种无色塑料薄膜 ;无机地表覆盖材料 ,如细沙、砾石等 ;低矮活体植物生长条件下的地表覆盖 ,如苜蓿草和各种其它草类。根据覆盖方案的技术评价方法 ,建立了 10项指标的评价体系 ,并以 5级指标值为评价准则 ,对 5种覆盖方案进行了技术总值和相对价值的计算。在检验各种覆盖方案相对评价指标体系的部分值分布均衡性以及相对有效值大小的基础上 ,确定了农业有机废弃物覆盖地表的相对价值为 80 % ,是满足对作物生长土壤物理因素改善的较佳覆盖方案。研究过程所遵循?
Based on the theory of mechanical design, this paper discusses the application characteristics of surface mulch planting technology in plantation industry, which aims to improve soil physical conditions of crop growth, and then elaborates the natural environment-surface cover-soil-crop system In order to build functional requirements, interaction requirements, technical requirements and operational requirements of the ground cover planting process. According to the importance of various requirements, the three-level priority principle of the ground cover technical process to meet the requirements is established. Based on this, some functions of surface cover and the combined functions of some functions are studied, and their functions are tested and analyzed. On the premise of possible surface covering materials, five schemes for planting surface cover planting techniques are put forward: agricultural production waste covers the ground surface such as broken straw, cereal glume and broken grass; opaque synthetic materials cover the surface such as black Asphalt coated paper and black plastic film; light-permeable synthetic material covering the surface, such as various colorless plastic film; inorganic surface covering material, such as fine sand, gravel, etc .; low living plants under the conditions of surface cover, such as alfalfa and Various other grasses. According to the technical evaluation method of the coverage scheme, the evaluation system of 10 indicators is established, and the 5-level indicator value is used as the evaluation criteria to calculate the total technology value and the relative value of the 5 coverage schemes. On the basis of checking the balance of partial value distribution and the relative effective value of the relative evaluation index system of various coverage schemes, the relative value of agricultural organic waste covering the ground surface is determined to be 80%, which is to meet the requirement of improving the soil physical factors of crop growth Better coverage program. The research process to follow?