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为探讨不同年代水稻(Oryza sativa)品种间库、源及库/源的变化,用吉林省1958–2005年间育成的33个水稻品种为材料,对库、源及库/源的特征进行了研究。结果表明,吉林省47年来在水稻品种遗传改良过程中库和源性状均得到了改善。其中,单株穗重和单株粒数分别增长了62.93%和37.65%,平均年增长率分别为1.34%和0.80%,与育成年代均呈极显著正相关;单株叶面积、单株光合能力和剑叶净光合速率(Pn)分别增长了13.75%、24.80%和12.60%,年增长率分别为0.29%、0.53%和0.27%,与育成年代均呈显著正相关。不同年代育成水稻品种穗重/单株光合能力、粒数/单株光合能力无明显变化,但穗重/叶面积和粒数/叶面积与育成年代呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.441 0(P<0.05)和0.401 7(P<0.05);穗重/Pn和粒数/Pn与育成年代呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.509 3(P<0.01)和0.483 2(P<0.01)。以上结果说明,吉林省水稻品种产量的增加是由于库和源共同作用的结果,但单位叶面积光合能力的改善远远落后于其它库源性状的增长。进一步提高叶片Pn并改善叶片的光合能力应作为高产水稻品种选育的新目标。
In order to explore the changes of the sources, sinks and sources of Oryza sativa cultivars in different years, the characteristics of the sink, source and sink / source were studied using 33 rice cultivars bred from 1958 to 2005 in Jilin Province . The results showed that in the past 47 years in Jilin province, both the sink and source traits have been improved during the genetic improvement of rice varieties. Among them, the spike weight per plant and grain per plant increased by 62.93% and 37.65% respectively, the average annual growth rates were 1.34% and 0.80%, respectively, which were significantly and positively correlated with the age of breeding. The leaf area per plant, (Pn) increased by 13.75%, 24.80% and 12.60%, respectively. The annual growth rates were 0.29%, 0.53% and 0.27%, respectively, which were positively correlated with the age of breeding. There was no significant change in spike weight per plant, photosynthetic capacity per plant, photosynthetic capacity per plant, but panicle weight / leaf area and grain number / leaf area had significant positive correlation with growing age, the correlation coefficients were 0.441 0 (P <0.05) and 0.401 7 (P <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between ear weight / Pn and grain number / Pn and the age of breeding, with the correlation coefficients of 0.509 3 (P <0.01) and 0.483 2 ). The above results indicate that the increase of rice yield in Jilin Province is the result of the synergistic effect between the source and sink, but the improvement of photosynthetic capacity per leaf area lags far behind the increase of other sink source traits. Further improvement of leaf Pn and improvement of leaf photosynthetic capacity should serve as a new target for breeding high-yielding rice varieties.