装载热钢坯的铁路车辆不仅要承受一定的载荷,而且还受中、高温的热力作用。要研究车辆钢结构在机械载荷和温度应力综合作用下的强度问题,除进行力学计算外(一般这种计算十分复杂,甚至有时不可能进行),还必须测量车体在热态工况下的应变及温度,以便掌握其应力分布,为校核和改进设计提供可靠依据。 Railway vehicles loaded with hot billets not only have to withstand a certain load, but also by the thermal effects of heat and medium temperature. To study the strength of the steel structure of a vehicle under the combined effects of mechanical loading and thermal stress, it is necessary to measure the strength of the vehicle body under thermal conditions, except for the mechanical calculation (generally, this calculation is very complicated, and sometimes impossible) Strain and temperature in order to grasp the stress distribution, to provide a reliable basis for checking and improving the design.