食源性疾病是指通过摄食而进入人体的致病因素使人患上感染性或中毒性的疾病,主要是由食源性致病菌引起的,包括细菌、病毒和真菌。分析食物中存在的食源性致病菌对于食品安全和降低食源性疾病的发生至关重要。传统的以培养为基础的检测食源性致病菌的方法灵敏度低、检测周期长。本文介绍的基于核酸的检测方法克服了传统方法在检测和鉴定方面的限制,具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简单、检测周期短等特点。核酸法主要包括普通PCR法、多重PCR法、实时荧光PCR法、核酸依赖性扩增、环介导等温扩增和基因芯片技术等。本文主要概述了核酸法在国内外食源性致病菌检测中的应用情况,总结了其优势和不足,同时对核酸法的发展趋势进行了展望。 Food-borne illness is a disease that infects or is toxic to humans through the pathogenic factors that enter the body through ingestion, mainly caused by food-borne pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Analysis of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in food is critical to food safety and to reducing the incidence of food borne illnesses. The traditional method of detecting food-borne pathogens based on culture has low sensitivity and long testing cycle. The nucleic acid-based detection method introduced in this paper overcomes the limitations of traditional methods in detection and identification. It has the characteristics of high specificity, high sensitivity, simple operation and short detection cycle. The nucleic acid method includes common PCR method, multiplex PCR method, real-time fluorescence PCR method, nucleic acid-dependent amplification, ring-mediated isothermal amplification and gene chip technology. This review summarizes the application of nucleic acid in the detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria at home and abroad, sums up its advantages and disadvantages, and looks forward to the development of nucleic acid method.