一、前言由两种不同的金属材料构成一闭合回路,当两接合点处于不同的温度时,则回路将有电流流动,回路中发生电动势,这现象称塞贝克效应。这电动势也叫热电动势(emf)。本文拟利用塞贝克效应去探索硬度 I. INTRODUCTION The closed loop consists of two different metallic materials. When the two joints are at different temperatures, the loop will have current flowing and electromotive force will occur in the loop. This phenomenon is called Seebeck effect. This electromotive force is also called emf. This paper intends to use the Seebeck effect to explore the hardness