１９７８年～１９９４年间我院共行４６９例尸体肾移植，其中４例发生了恶性肿瘤，发生率０．８５％。肿瘤分别为鼻咽癌，胰头癌，白血病和Ｋａｐｏｓｉ＇ｓ肉瘤。此４例患者移植时年龄２６～４８岁。从肾移植至发生恶性肿瘤的间隔时间为２．５～６９个月，平均３６．６个月。其免疫抑制剂除１例为硫唑嘌呤加强的松外，余３例均为硫唑嘌呤、环孢素Ａ和强的松三联治疗。３例已死亡，死亡时移植肾功能正常，１例至今无瘤存活已达１年。建议对长期存活的肾移植受者应严密观察其肿瘤的发生。 Between 1978 and 1994 469 cadaveric kidney transplants were carried out in our hospital, of which 4 cases had malignant tumors with a rate of 0.85%. The tumors were nasopharyngeal carcinoma, pancreatic head cancer, leukemia and Kaposi’s sarcoma respectively. The 4 patients were 26 to 48 years of age at transplantation. From renal transplantation to the occurrence of malignant tumor interval of 2.5 to 69 months, an average of 36.6 months. In addition to immunosuppressive agents in 1 case of azathioprine-enhanced loose outside, more than 3 cases were azathioprine, cyclosporin A and prednisone triple therapy. Three patients died and their renal function was normal at the time of death. One patient has survived without tumor for up to one year. Proposed long-term survival of renal transplant recipients should be closely observed the occurrence of the tumor.