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法学是马克思大学期间主攻的专业,为马克思早年的社会批判提供了丰富的理论资源。德国法学和法哲学提出的社会方案不符合普遍利益的要求,马克思因此对当时的历史法学和思辨法学都进行了批判,并试图提出符合普遍理性的法权理论。在遇到了“物质难题”之后,马克思逐渐意识到以法权为中介的所有改革方案都无法真正实现普遍利益,最终放弃了研究抽象权利的法权批判的思路,转向了研究生产关系的政治经济学批判。上述转型构成了理解《德意志意识形态》的必要的法学背景。
Law is the main specialty during Marx University, which provided rich theoretical resources for Marx’s early social criticism. The social programs proposed by German jurisprudence and jurisprudence do not meet the requirements of universal interest. Therefore, Marx criticized the historical jurisprudence and speculative jurisprudence at that time and tried to come up with the theory of legal rights in line with general rationality. After encountering “Material Puzzle ”, Marx gradually realized that all the reform programs mediated by the law can not really achieve the universal benefits, and ultimately abandoned the idea of criticizing the legal right studying abstract rights and turned to the study of the relations of production Political Economics Criticism. The above transformation constitutes the necessary legal background for understanding the “German ideology.”