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目的研究中国集中连片贫困农村地区婴幼儿喂养行为及其风险因素。方法 2013年在陕南秦巴山区开展贫困农村婴幼儿喂养行为调研,采用结构化问卷,选取1765名6~12月龄婴幼儿及其主要监护人为调查对象,收集婴幼儿喂养行为、孕产妇和儿童早期健康管理服务参与情况、婴幼儿及其家庭基本情况等信息,使用logistic模型分析婴幼儿喂养行为的风险因素。结果孕产妇和儿童早期营养教育能促进婴幼儿微量营养素补充(OR=1.413,P<0.01),但与婴幼儿母乳喂养及辅食添加行为是否符合世界卫生组织标准间没有显著关系;低出生体重、第一胎和母亲不是第一监护人是科学母乳喂养婴幼儿的风险因素(均P<0.01);年龄小、第一胎和妈妈教育年限≤9年是给婴幼儿科学添加辅食的风险因素(均P<0.01)。结论陕南贫困农村地区婴幼儿母乳喂养和辅食添加不科学问题仍较普遍,孕产妇和儿童早期营养教育效果有限。
Objective To study infant feeding behavior and its risk factors in poor rural areas in China. Methods In 2013, we conducted a survey of infant and underprivileged children’s feeding behavior in impoverished rural areas in southern Shaanxi Province. Using structured questionnaires, 1765 infants and young children aged 6 to 12 months and their main guardians were selected as survey subjects to collect infants and young children’s feeding behavior, maternal and Early Childhood Health Management Service Participation, Infants and Toddlers and Their Families, etc., and using logistic models to analyze the risk factors for infant and young child feeding practices. Results Early nutrition education for pregnant women and children could promote micronutrient supplementation in infants and young children (OR = 1.413, P <0.01), but had no significant relationship with infant and young child breastfeeding and complementary food addiction according to the WHO standard. Low birth weight, The first child and mother were not the first guardians were the risk factors for scientific breastfeeding infants and toddlers (all P <0.01). The younger age, the first child and mom education years were less than 9 years P <0.01). Conclusion The unscientific problems of breast-feeding and complementary feeding of infants and young children in poor rural areas in southern Shaanxi are still common, and the effects of early childhood nutrition education for pregnant women and children are limited.