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在深入了解大学生体质自评水平和认知程度的基础上,探讨健康危险行为对大学生体质自评水平的影响,研究大学生体质自评状况与自我健康维护、健康支持环境之间的关系。采用横断面调查的方式,对2 096名大学生进行体质自评水平和健康危险行为调查,分析具有不同健康危险行为大学生的体质自评状况的差异。体质自评为很好、好、一般、差的大学生分别占调查人群的28.2%、43.1%、25.3%、3.4%。年龄、生源地、专业、学业阶段等基线信息以及自我健康维护、健康支持环境等客观因素均影响大学生的体质自评状况。特定危险因素和大学生体质自评状况显著相关,且危险因素的聚集可明显降低大学生的体质自评水平。大学生的体质自评能力亟待培养,其对自我体质水平的认知和体质维护行为存在明显的错位。
On the basis of in-depth understanding of college students’ constitutional self-assessment and cognition level, this paper explores the influence of health-risk behaviors on college students’ self-assessment of their physique and studies the relationship between self-evaluation of college students’ constitution and their self-maintenance and health supportive environment. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the constitutional self-assessment and health risk behaviors of 2 096 college students, and to analyze the differences in constitutional self-assessment among college students with different health risk behaviors. Physical self-rating was good, good, fair and poor, accounting for 28.2%, 43.1%, 25.3% and 3.4% of the surveyed population respectively. Baseline information such as age, place of origin, major, and academic stage, as well as objective factors such as self-health maintenance and health supportive environment, affect college students’ constitutional self-assessment. The specific risk factors were significantly correlated with the self-rated status of college students, and the aggregation of risk factors could significantly reduce the level of self-assessment of college students. Undergraduates’ constitutional self-assessment ability needs to be cultivated urgently, and there is a significant dislocation between cognition and constitutional maintenance of self-constitutional level.