论文部分内容阅读
地面实际蒸散发量（ Ｅ，以下简称蒸发） 及降水（ Ｐ） 是估算水资源各分量的两个重要物理量，本文利用１９５１ ～１９９５ 年各年、月华北地区共２６ 个气象站的月降水（ Ｐ） 和月气温（ Ｔ）观测资料，依据高桥浩一郎的陆面实际蒸散发经验公式（ 以下简称高桥公式） ，计算了华北地区地面蒸发（ Ｅ） 和可利用的降水，即降水减蒸发（ Ｐ－ Ｅ） 等水资源有关的主要物理量，从大气可提供的水资源部分初步分析了华北地区水资源的时间和区域变化特征。文中还用其它方法对地面实际蒸发量的估算结果，讨论了用高桥公式计算地面蒸发量的可用性，认为由这一方法所得到的结果无论在定性和定量方面都是有参考价值的，但在研究华北地区水量平衡问题时必须考虑地下水的使用状况。
The actual evapotranspiration on the ground (E, hereinafter referred to as evaporation) and precipitation (P) are two important physical quantities for estimating each component of water resources. Based on the monthly precipitation of 26 meteorological stations in the months of North China from 1951 to 1995 (E) and available precipitation in North China were calculated according to the empirical formula of land surface evapotranspiration of Koichiro Takahashi (hereinafter referred to as Takahashi formula), that is, precipitation and evapotranspiration (P-E) and other water resources related to the main physical quantities, from the air can provide part of the water resources in North China preliminary analysis of the time and regional changes in water resources characteristics. In this paper, we also use other methods to estimate the actual ground evaporation, discuss the availability of the Takahashi formula to calculate the ground evaporation, and consider that the results obtained by this method are valuable both qualitatively and quantitatively Groundwater use must be considered when studying water balance in North China.