本文报道了六倍体小黑麦与普通小麦杂交的性状与细胞遗传.共配制25个杂交组合,观察到以六倍体小黑麦为母本杂交当代结实率平均为36.17%,种子发芽率为80.14%,以普通小麦为母本杂交当代结实率平均为72.60%,幼胚在组织培养条件下出苗率为20.1%,F_1减数分裂中期有13.37个二价体和15.01个单价体,与理论数值接近.F_1的结实率正反交组合均很低,平均为2.98%,种子发芽率平均为32.38%.F_2的性状分离极其复杂,有三个主要类型即亲本类型与中间型,减数分裂中期二价体数变动在14-20间、单价体数变动在0-14间;根尖细胞用Giemsa染色进行C带分析.看到多有3-4对R组染色体,其中5R、6R、7R较多.F_1与亲本回交性状与染色体组型迅速恢复为亲本类型.在F_3及以后世代看到D、R组染色体混合类型是稳定的,可以从中选出多种类型的代换系.这种杂种方式对六倍体小黑麦性状的改进是有效的. In this paper, we report the crosses between hexaploid triticale and common wheat and cytogenetics .Twenty-five crosses were made and the seed setting rate was 36.17% on the average. The seed germination rate The average seed setting rate was 80.14%. The average seed setting rate of the hybrids with common wheat as the female parent averaged 72.60%. The seedling emergence rate of immature embryos was 20.1% in tissue culture, 13.37 bivalent and 15.01 monokaryons in metaphase of F_1, The theoretical values ​​are close.F_1 reciprocal combination of seed setting rate is very low, with an average of 2.98%, the average seed germination rate is 32.38% .F2 separation of traits is extremely complicated, there are three main types of the parent type and intermediate type, meiosis In the middle period, the number of divars varied from 14 to 20, and the number of changes in the unit price ranged from 0 to 14. The root-tip cells were analyzed by Giemsa staining for C-band. There were 3-4 pairs of R chromosomes, of which 5R, 6R, 7R more.F_1 reciprocal trait and genomics quickly returned to the parental type.From the F_3 and later generations see D, R chromosomes mixed type is stable, you can choose from a variety of types of substitution lines. This hybrid approach is effective in improving the traits of hexaploid triticale.